A kerkdienst is a church service.
In most places in the Netherlands, churches are no more than 10 km (6 miles) apart, so anyone can walk to church within an hour (two if the roads are muddy).
In the image below we see a group of people leaving a church, drawn around 1654. At that time, churches were not heated. We can tell this service took place during the colder months. Several women have their hands in muffs, and some are carrying a little stove which would have held some hot coals to keep their feet warm. One woman brought a kneeling stool.
Group leaving church, circa 1654. Credits: Gesina ter Borch, collection Rijksmuseum (public domain)
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